Galls

Galls are abnormal plant growth or swellings comprised of plant tissue. Galls are usually found on foliage or twigs. These unusual deformities are caused by plant growth-regulating chemicals or stimuli produced by an insect or other arthropod pest species. The chemicals produced by these causal organisms interfere with normal plant cell growth.

Huge Gall on a maple (?) tree in New York State

There are a variety of gall-forming species of small wasps that commonly infest oak, Quercus spp. Most leaf galls on oak cause little or no harm to the health of a tree. However, twig or branch galls may cause injury or even death to a heavily infested tree. Two common species of twig gall-producing insects are the horned oak gall wasp, Callirhytis cornigera (Osten Sacken), and the gouty oak gall wasp, C. quercuspunctata (Bassett). These species are in the insect family Cynipidae. Both the horned oak gall wasp and the gouty oak gall wasp are known to occur from southern Canada to Georgia. Each of these galls may be diagnosed by their unique characteristic size, shape, and color.

The unmitigated audacity! THe gall! The crust! The nerve!

In general, most leaf galls on oak do not affect the health of the host tree. A few can cause leaves to drop prematurely, or distort them so that photosynthesis (the plant’s food-making process) is interrupted. Galls generally are aesthetically objectionable to homeowners who find them unattractive and fear that galls will cause damage to the health of their oak trees.

Gall, New York State

Gall with hole in the middle (Harriman State Park, NY)

An unusual gall with a hole in the center. Not certain how the hole formed but seems likely that it is related to tissue damage sustained as a result of the gall itself.

Digest for 2012-05-17

Robert Egert, Puppet Execution; oil on canvas, approx. 60" x 60" 1991
  • no template–no matter how tight– will stop a goon from taking an ax to your design ->
  • Increase your linguistic accuracy: 25 Handy Words That Simply Don’t Exist In English http://t.co/5h35GrEz ->
  • If FB ads were pulling, GM woudl not have pulled them. http://t.co/XvF4fGo1 what IS mental is continuing to place ads that don't perform ->
  • Funniest last words: "no, really, you won't need a creative brief for this." right. ->
  • Better yet: "Oh!, so you're saying you'd like to know what the objectives are." ->
  • True intelligence isn't measured by any test. It's the capacity to continually learn from experience and observation. ->
  • TED, we are disappointed ! But no surprise that with success comes another kind of failure: http://t.co/qZQthWg0 ->
  • Problem with capitalists is that greed occludes vision: http://t.co/qZQthWg0 ->

Image: Robert Egert, Puppet Execution, 1991, oil on canvas, approx. 60″ x 60″

Joe Schactman

Drawing by Joe Schactman

Long before Bushwick became what it is today, Joe Schactman and group of his friends that had just moved to New York rented a large unfinished industrial space on the corner of Metropolitan and Morgan. It brought us together for studio visits, band practice, and set building work. Early winter mornings I’d take the L train to his loft at 1000 Metropolitan Avenue from my East Village apartment and sometimes I’d run into Joe as he was returning from the bodega eating his breakfast of vanilla ice cream.

Joe and I met through our gallery, Civilian Warfare. It was pretty well-known in the mid-eighties, (their claim to fame was their representation of David Wojnarowicz), but has since sunk into obscurity. Joe was a sculptor. His media was anything he could find: discarded metal, plastic and construction materials, fur, and paper maché. His motif of choice was dogs. His metaphor and his muse.

Joe and I lost touch after the demise of the Gallery. Dean Savard, the director and driving force of Civilian died prematurely and while the gallery continued on for a few years, it could never survive the shift to conceptual art that was ushered in the late eighties and early nineties.

I recently ran into a review from the New York Times circa 1984 that mentions Joe’s work. I’ve excerpted that section below, quoting here directly from the Times and Michael Brenson in homage to Joe, whose name and work are largely absent from the Internet and are threatened with obscurity.

ART: ‘MODERN MASKS,’ AN ASSEMBLY OF SCULPTURES, ON DISPLAY
By MICHAEL BRENSON
Published: December 28, 1984

”MODERN MASKS,” at the Whitney Museum of American Art at Philip Morris, 42d Street and Park Avenue, through Feb. 7, surveys an increasingly populated territory. There are probably as many masks, or intimations of masks in current painting and sculpture as there were in the years of Cubism and German Expressionism. They have surfaced during an artistic moment just as soaked in ”primitivism,” as the early 20th century and one even more charged by conflicting currents of extreme rawness and extreme self- consciousness.

Even when masks are playful, there is often an edge to them – an edge that makes them a natural subject for an East Village artist like Greenblat, whose optimistic, ”naive” imagery invariably masks defiance and cunning. His ”Ancient Mask” suggests the tension between fun and provocation that is characteristic of a good deal of rock music. There is also a disturbing sense of play in the figure by David Finn – with its friendly painted cardboard head and its abject body made up of assembled detritus. Joseph Schactman also builds on a sense of trust, using the imagery of dogs, but his papier-mache dog heads, muzzled and covered with patches of fur, are like packs of wolves champing at the bit.

Image: “Pair of Lizards” Drawing by Joe Schactman, Dimensions and date unknown.

Digest for 2012-05-10

robert egert: blue armour drawing 2011

Image: Robert Egert, Blue Armour, Conté on paper, 2011, approx. 17″ x 23″

Digest for 2012-05-03

Robert Egert: Painting on Paper 2012, approx. 23 x 36" tempera
  • Evernote’s success demonstrates how hard people will work to use a confusing app ->
  • It is always a mistake to nail the palette before the design. #design ->
  • Never underestimate a math major’s ability to present a well-reasoned argument. Creatives proceed at your own risk. ->
  • Changing Jobs reveals how little you know; changing careers how much you’ve learned ->
  • wordpress will never put designers or developers out of work. to the contrary they will be busier than ever ->
  • preview the great pieces on the block at the annual wagmag benefit at the boiler this year: http://t.co/PPdWHQXU #art #bklyn ->
  • Use Social Curation To Build Brands http://t.co/0dJgAiTN #brands ->
  • Need to test a preso template? give it to the head of sales and see if s/he can break it ->

Digest for 2012-04-26

Image: Robert Egert: Painting oil on canvas, 1989 or thereabouts., approx. 60″ x 60″

Consortium Launches Contest for Visionary M2M Ideas

Jaqueline SHatz, Puff, 2012, approx. 24" x 27"


A consortium of leading German organizations has launched a contest soliciting visionary ideas for machine-to-machine (M2M) communications.

“The project was originated by Deloitte in Germany, who provide thought leadership in the area of machine-to-machine communication (M2M), together with HYVE, a Deloitte partner and specialist in the area of innovation and community management. Deutsche Telekom joined the consortium, as has RWTH Aachen University, an academic partner of HYVE,” says Wolfgang Kathan of HYVE.

Christened Ideabird, the consortium defines M2M as any technology that allows machines to communicate directly with each other.

Rather than focus on short-term innovation, Ideabird is setting its sites on identifying ideas, concepts and trends that will emerge in the future. In addition to APIs we can expect special emphasis on location-based services, GPS, lightweight batteries and technologies that are critically associated with telecommunications.

Submissions will be accepted in a wide array of categories that include home, animals, sports, healthcare, security and others.

The contest will award $1,000, $3,000 and $5,000 US and submissions will be evaluated on their novelty, creativity and utility. There’s an additional $1000 prize for the best concept design.

While this is a competition, Ideabird is promoting crowd sourcing and collaboration. All entries are public and any registrant on the site can comment upon or help refine submitted ideas.

“Active participation and discussion is encouraged within one week more than 550 comments on ideas were contributed and more than 400 idea evaluations have been submitted,” added Kathan.

Ideas submitted so far include a mobile app that feeds your cat when you are away from home, tracking devices for personal items, and remote sensors for optimizing the energy efficiency of urban street lights.

Submissions will be accepted through April 10, 2012 and winners will be announced in May.

Award winners will be invited to meet with industry leaders in Dusseldorf. Additionally, a larger group of selected participants will be invited to attend an innovation workshop in Aachen.

Answers from Wolfgang:

The technology page on the website appears to focus on mobile devices
(location-based services, lightweight batteries, etc.) but the scope
of the contest actually seems broader. Will the contest favor ideas
that are associated with mobile devices, like smartphones?

The actual scope of the contest focuses on “find & follow” use cases covering nearly all life and business areas as well as all available technologies. Ideas associated with smartphones will not be favored. The jury will select the winners by using the community’s evaluation criteria 1) Degree of novelty, 2) Grade of freakiness and 3) Tendency to use, independent from the enabling technology.

How is the collaborative/community aspects of the project going? Have
people been participating in dialog around ideas and have any
submissions evolved as a result of the discussion?
As a general goal for such an open innovation contest community it can always be said that an active participation and discussion is encouraged. As for the “ideabird” contest it can be said that members are very active. Within one week more than 550 comments on ideas were contributed and more than 400 idea evaluations have been submitted.
The result of these lively discussions can be seen in the constant development of the ideas. The idea owners always have the possibility to acknowledge comments about their ideas and edit them accordingly.

y degree of freakiness we basically mean how “unique” and new the concept of the idea is. In other words, how radical is the innovation and can this idea be considered part of a “thinking-outside-the-box” approach.

Image: Jaqueline Shatz, Puff, mixed media, approx. 27″ x 24″, 2011 – 2012

Zurb uses Twitter and Facebook APIs to Socialize User Testing

Meaning is uni-directional and non-symmetrical

California-based Zurb is turning the dry science of usability on its head by using Twitter and Facebook APIs to socialize user testing.

User testing has long been the domain of usability experts who utilize carefully controlled focus groups, panels and one-on-one interviews to assess software and websites.

Zurb’s suite of socially connected testing products let anyone quickly and easily create a test and gather insights from Twitter followers and Facebook friends.

“Zurb’s Verify is all about rapid testing and decision-making,” says Customer Advocate, Louis Corso. “Sometimes you have a gut feeling and need some validation.
With Verify you can create a test in five minutes. If you are good about distributing over social media, you can get forty responses in two to four hours from people who you really trust,” added Corso.

Usability sciences are based on human reactions and interpretation. Most organizations that provide usability testing services conduct them use high touch modalities that typically require recruiting of test subjects and scripting of test questions before testing can even begin.

Zurb’s use of social media APIs to facilitate social testing and results collection radically accelerates this process and puts the testing procedure in the hands of non-specialists.

This immediate, API-driven testing methodology is a perfect match for agile development environments that are driven by rapid test and release cycles.

Zurb isn’t the right solution for every testing need. For example, when working with highly targeted audiences, or any audience that doesn’t match the demographic of your friends and followers, the results may not stand up to scrutiny.

Zurb currently offers Notable and Verify as paid apps and has two additional products, Solidify and Influence, in private release. They anticipate full release in the first half of 2012.

ZURB.com/apps

Image: Photo by Robert Egert: Meaning is non-symmetric

Hootsuite Promotes Integration of Google Analytics

Charles Atlas Installation at Lurhing Augustin in Bushwick, APril 2012


As Google continues to set the bar for website analytics, Hootsuite, the social media management service, is promoting its ability to create sophisticated visualizations based on data available through the Google Analytics API.

In the crowded world of social management and analytics tools, Hootsuite is poised somewhere between a multichannel social publishing platform and social analytics tool. Their recent focus on data visualization shows just how important the analytics part of the business is. While Hootsuite offers a free entry-level service the advanced Google Analytics integration is only available to paid subscribers.

Hootsuite already supports a large array of social media APIs, including the major players Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Google+, and some of the key sharing channels such as YouTube, Flickr, Tumblr and others.

Hootsuite’s Analytics integration includes Sparklines, a data visualization system (available as a JQuery plugin) that generates abbreviated charts that present KPI data in a dashboard environment. Sparklines differ from conventional charts in that they leave out all extraneous information in favor of concise visualizations that can be read at a glance.

Hootsuite will also support goals and funnels, two key features of Google Analytics. Goals allows site administrators to establish desired actions and evaluate their sites performance against visitors success rate at reaching those goals. Funnels tracks visitor path through a site in relations to an established goal.

Google Analytics and their API have destabilized the field of website metrics by making their robust service available freely. However, it is only a matter of time before brand managers and media buyers clamor for a single integrated tool to conduct social monitoring and website analytics.

Image: Charles ATlas Installation at Luhring Augustine, Bushwick, April 2012

Digest for 2012-04-19

  • Story and storification is the most overused term now being applied as an organizing motif for practically every fuels of endeavor ->
  • Customer frustration is built into the airline world view. They don't even hope to eliminate it just manage it. ->
  • As the ux of flying continues to degrade in direct proportion to the cost of jet fuel crm will battle ticket price. Who will win? ->

Digest for 2012-04-12

Digest for 2012-04-05

  • Why do we bow in order to drink in public? Is it to avoid a wet chest or public humiliation for free water? http://t.co/3SIQjdJP ->
  • internet-connected glasses and driving. http://t.co/GWbDKAu8 can only hope self-driving cars come out first ->
  • going to see hunger games and hoping that it can live up to the wonderful books ->

Digest for 2012-03-29

Digest for 2012-03-29

Digest for 2012-03-22

  • Seems odd to complain about Facebook changes like timeline. It's all about change and it's what keeps things interesting (and busy) #bdi1 ->
  • Mellenials trust traditional advertising more than previous generation #bdi1 trending? ->
  • People volunteer to get ads sent to them. In the future (or now) no distinction between ads and art. #bdi1 ->
  • Multimedia increases page views by 77% and boosts organic search #bdi1 #prnewswire ->
  • Quote: "there's a fine line between creepy and creative" #bdi1 on social media lol ->
  • Google Analytics takes stab at social media ROI in new release: http://t.co/KBxZJj7P Bring on the KPIs ->
  • Monsanto's greed did more to set back genectic discovery http://t.co/noP4h6g2 than any real danger V Vaitheeswaran ->
  • Is that a start-up or a Bubble between your shoulders? http://t.co/QvKHxYH5 via @techcrunch ->

Digest for 2012-03-15

1st ave and 36th street after the social media conference at The Graduate Center New York, March 22, 2012

Mailchimp Integrates Image Editing with Aviary API


Aviary, the web-based image editing solution, is now available via their image editing API to Mailchimp users.

Mailchimp wanted to streamline the email design process. Previously, users would typically exit the mailchimp website to edit images in software applications such as iPhoto or Photoshop. Besides being time-consuming, this fragments the user experience and breaks the workflow.

With the Aviary API, Mailchimp users can now perform basic image editing tasks such as cropping and resizing as well as some more advanced tasks such as rotation and applying creative filters without leaving the mailchimp interface.

“You can now crop, resize, rotate, and enhance your images right inside MailChimp,” says Co-founder Ben Chestnut. “This is using some new API tricks from Aviary, and we really want to thank them for helping with this. When I write my newsletters, the worst part is always when I have to stop and edit an image. I have to open up Photoshop or Fireworks, resize, crop, and upload. Hate it. Now, the experience is fast and seamless. I love Photoshop, but I hate waiting for it to open when I just want to finish an email,” he added.

While many APIs are designed to share assets or expose data to third-party applications, the Aviary API is truly unique because instead of making data available or supporting a sharing function, it provides editing tools, which is closer to a SaaS model than a conventional API.

“Users stay on the site, ensuring a positive workflow from a partners perspective, as well as allowing them to keep their users on their site – which is a win for both parties,” says Nam Nguyan of Aviary.

As more users access their email via mobile devices it will be increasingly important for senders to manage the size of email images. Large files drain bandwidth and perhaps more importantly can cause unexpected email layout problems.

Mailchimp has long pursued a broad API integration strategy and besides having an open API of their own, they’ve actively encouraged developers through their $1 Million Integration Fund since 2010.

Aviary image editing is also available as a web widget and can be embedded into web pages as a JavaScript snippet.

Expert Panel Has More Questions than Answers when it comes to API Security

Lothar Ostenberg

The Cloud Security Alliance Summit brought together a panel of security experts on February 27 in San Francisco to examine the threats posed by API and cloud-based computing. But rather than providing guidance on how to mitigate security risks they focused instead on the uncertain nature of security in an environment that is increasingly dominated by applications that use APIs to transfer data across the cloud.

One of the key benefits of APIs is their anonymous nature. In fact, it is their anonymity that is helping drive their growth. But the ease and speed at which API-based applications can be created has enabled many independent developers to operate without significant attention paid to security.

Meanwhile, the biggest threat to personal Internet security is not APIs or small, independent developers but rather large companies “that collect massive amounts of data from people, including photos, documents, video, search and buying patterns”, says panelist Bruce Schneier.

Panelists pointed out the importance of the token-based authentication system, OAuth, in enabling personal users to authenticate with applications without rendering their credentials. Because OAuth limits access to only one application at a time with limitations of time and scope, it enables authors of applications to provide personalized services without having to independently manage security.

While OAuth may answer the security questions for individual use, as more businesses look to APIs to connect their applications across the cloud, it is only inevitable that security concerns related to enterprise applications will arise.

Panelists included Philippe Courtot, CEO, Qualys; Don Godfrey, security consultant, Humana; Matt Johansen, Threat Research Center manager, WhiteHat Security; Patrick Harding, CTO, Ping Identity.

Image: Lothar Ostenberg, Diorama, dimensions and date unavailable

Fountain Art Fair

Seuol-based surrealist artist, Soo-Young Moon’s, otherworldly Some Dream 24.

Fountain Art Fair, which was held last year on the Frying Pan, a retired light ship docked on the West Side of Manhattan, graduated this year to the 68th Armory building, on 25th Street. The irony is that the “Armory Art Fair” is held at the piers at 55th street while the scrappier “Fountain” is in the actual armory building.

This year’s Fountain attracted over ten thousand visitors in three days, according to publicist Brianna Green, and had a packed opening that featured a 17-minute aerial performance led by performance artist Seanna Sharpe. “The opening night party was stupendous and packed to the gills. There was a line around the block to get in, and we did get Jerry Saltz and Roberta Smith at our booth!” said artist Patricia Fabricant.

Fountain takes its inspiration from Marcel Duchamp’s famous sculpture of the same name (It consisted of a urinal inscribed R. Mutt) that was exhibited in the original Armory show of 1917–a signal event in art history, where European modernists like Picasso, Duchamp, and Cezanne were first introduced to American audiences.

Since its first incarnation in 2006 in a FedEx warehouse adjacent to the West Side Highway, Fountain has moved through a number of venues and locations. “Obviously the Armory is a step up from last year’s Frying Pan, with twice as many galleries, very big booths, and a very accessible location,” said Daniel Aycock, one of the founders of the event.

“Since the current Armory Art Fair (on the pier) is not related to the historic Armory Art Show 99 years ago, we thought it would be in the spirit of Duchamp to stage our own rebel fair across from the institution and use his “Fountain” as our logo,” added Aycock.

In this big, brightly lit venue, it was a lot easier to see what was hanging on the walls than on the dimly lit Frying Pan–a blessing for some and curse for others. Twice as large a space, there were twice as many galleries represented this year. It is a relief to get away from pristine white galleries and overproduced art extravaganzas and at Fountain you could take comfort in a simpler, direct approach to exhibiting. But bright lights revealed both strengths and weaknesses, and even the best work can be difficult to discern when it’s crowded or poorly hung.

Nevertheless, Fountain represented an opportunity for some lesser-exposed but excellent artists to garner some well-deserved exposure. Among the independents, Brooklyn artist Patricia Fabricant’s spellbinding biomorphic gouaches were a stand-out from among the Hullabaloo Collective booth as was Seuol-based surrealist artist, Soo-Young Moon’s, otherworldly Some Dream 24.

A few galleries stood above the rest as well. Such as Front Room artist Thomas Broadbent’s large watercolor paintings of books (yes, the paper kind) and Stephen Mallon’s images of retired subway carriages in the process of being dispatched to their watery grave. Kesting / Ray gallery presented layered resin-embedded drawings by Stephanie Dobson and the offhand, effervescent canvasses of Danni Rush.

Next February will mark the one-hundredth anniversary of the first Armory Show, which was officially known as The International Exhibition of Modern Art and rumor has it that Fountain organizers hope to hold the exhibit at the armory building again next year.

Image: Soo-Young Moon’s Some Dream 24, size and date not available.

Digest for 2012-03-08

Wood dogs

Image: Wood Dogs, Photo by Robert Egert, 2012

Digest for 2012-03-04

Ellen Harvey at Dodge Gallery NY

Image: Ellen Harvey, The Nudist Museum Gift Shop, Installation at Dodge Gallery, NY 2012

Digest for 2012-03-04

Image: Retna, Wall painting in progress on Houston STreet corner of Bowery, NY, 2012

What’s Wrong with this Picture?

Damien Hirst exhibit at Gagosian Gallery NY 2012, Photo: Robert Egert

Damien Hirst new paintings represent an oppressive combination of cynicism and opportunism that should make us all run for fresh air.

These painting are in the continuing tradition of production-oriented work that (arguably) begins with Duchamp, continued through Warhol, and on into the present day.

Located at the confluence of image-making and social critique, this modality is exemplified by factory-like production methods and disregard for craft. But more importantly, it engages the means by which value is produced: Its true subject is the mechanism by which society assigns a dollar value to art.

The production of value is ultimately the only subject.

Hirst’s dots would be impossible without this tradition, yet they go beyond for sheer opportunism and disregard for meaning. What was disruptive about Warhol’s factory silkscreens in the 1960′s has apparently become a vulgar trope for a well-established artist bent on cashing in while the money is good.

It is one thing to challenge accepted conventions and another to simply take advantage of them.

Given the degree of wealth-hoarding among the rich, and our rapid path toward a two-class society, these paintings have a moral repugnance that surpasses even the interspecies degradation that Hirst relied on in the past.

As the collectors line up to purchase the dots we can only imagine the financial advisors behind it urging the super wealthy to put a larger percentage of their investment into art to avoid the hyper volitility of the stock markets. Given that Hirst’s work is represented in so many major collections, there’s every reason to believe that these pieces will become canonized too. This, because the investor class has a vested interest in keeping it that way.

And here come Hirst to the rescue, having his art elves produce objects devoid of all meaning save as receptacles of financial value.

Photo: Robert Egert

Search as a Social Morphology

 

Its hard to remember the days when search engines were the first killer web apps.

Before anyone was talking about the programmable web, search engines were functioning as the meta-applications that worked across the web, bringing content and people together in a meaningful way.

Flash forward to 2012 and the search paradigm has exploded and along with it the thinking around how to match people with things has fragmented. This not only impacts how advertising dollars are spent but also impacts how consumers will find consumer goods and services.

Here are just a few of the current models that are in play:

Video as search

More and more people are starting the search queries in youtube, vimeo and other video portals instead of traditional search engines. This is not only when they are looking for entertainment. Whether it is research for a school project, health information or trying to find reviews of consumer products, Youtube is rising in popularity, especially among younger demographics who are developing a higher regard and reliance on video than print.

Social as search

Social recommendations are playing an increasingly relevant role in driving search behaviors. In some instances, searches are begin essentially replaced by socially assembled content—content that has been collected through the process of recommendations from friends, followers or networks. Besides the direct application of this on sites such as Pinterest and Quora, we also see how Google has integrated recommendations from friends into the search results, creating a hybrid result that is part search algorithm and part social push.

Predictive search

Predictive search has been around since the beginning of ecommerce, and like Boolean search will likely be around for while. Its strongest application is around selling products to consumers based on their purchase history or related behaviors, such as shopping cart contents or product viewing history. This technique is more useful to marketers or publishers (who want to keep their audiences engaged for the advertising or subscription revenue).

As the programmable web becomes more sophisticated it’s likely we’ll see more fragmentation and experimentation–hybrid solutions that synthesize different search paradigms together.

Image: Kenny Cole,  ”Dwight Knew,” 2008, ink and gouache on paper, 22″ x 30″

Adapting to Agile UI

Pastel on paper by Steve Buckley 2009-2010

User Interface designers face unique challenges in an agile development environment but with the right design approach and production stream great results are still possible.

First let’s look at team structure. Agile teams are usually smaller than traditional development teams and–importantly for UI designers—the engineers play a more decisive role than in traditional development groups.

In this context, there’s a lot of variability in the role of ux. Because requirements and beta are in flux it’s just not possible to create a complete design and then hand it off to the development team. Instead there’s a fluid process that requires coordination and sensitivity to time constraints.

Just because the engineers lead the charge doesn’t mean that UI design has to take a back seat. Quite to the contrary, it is even more critical for the UI designer to establish key patterns and visual memes that will be recognized and understood by the user.

One key learning is that developers and ux look at application design from entirely different perspectives: The developer looks at the system from the bottom up as a result of the fact they have to create functional components one at a time. (I am not aware of any top-down method for development, but perhaps someone can clue me in if there is.)

Conversely, ux designers have the responsibility to look at the design from the outside in: How to surface concepts and processes in way that is transparent to he user. Software design is one field where form does not follow function.

For example, developers in an initial build will often construct a pyramid like trajectory for end users: users enter information through a series of data-centric steps before they get a glimpse of the end result.

Our role in ux is, in a sense, to invert the pyramid and allow users to literally or conceptually see the end result from the beginning so that they are motivated, and engaged throughout the process.

Image: Steve Buckley, Untitled pastel on paper, approx. 18″ x 27″, 2009-2010.